The land of Nepal and climate! Nepal, the nation of Asia, mendacity alongside the southern slopes of the Himalayan mountain levels.
It is a landlocked nation positioned among India to the east, south, and west and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north.
Its territory extends more or less 500 miles (800 kilometers) from east to west and 90 to 150 miles from north to south. The capital is Kathmandu.
The Land
Relief:
Nepal includes a number of the maximum rugged and hard mountain terrain within the world. Roughly seventy-five percent of the country is included via way of means of mountains.
From the south to the north, Nepal may be divided into 4 predominant bodily belts, every of which extends east to west throughout the country. These are, first, Tarai, a low, flat, fertile land adjacent to the border of India; second, the forested Churia foothills and the Inner Tarai sector, growing from the Tarai simple to the rugged Mahābhārat Range; third, the mid-mountain place among the Mahābhārat Range and the Great Himalayas; and, fourth, the Great Himalaya Range, growing to greater than 29,000 toes (a few 8,850 meters).
The Tarai bureaucracy the northern extension of the Gigantic Plain and varies in width from much less than 16 to greater than 20 miles, arrowing drastically in numerous locations.
A 10-mile-extensive belt of wealthy agricultural land stretches alongside the southern part of the Tarai; the northern section, adjacent to the foothills, is a marshy place wherein wild animals abound and malaria is endemic.
The Churia Range, which is moderately populated, rises in nearly perpendicular escarpments to an altitude of greater than 4,000 feet.
Between the Churia Range to the south and the Mahābhārat Range to the north, there are vast basins from 2,000 to 3,000 feet excessive, approximately 10 miles extensive, and 20 to forty miles lengthy; those basins are regularly called the Inner Tarai.
In many locations, they were cleared of the forests and savanna grass to offer wooden and regions for cultivation.
A complicated gadget of mountain levels, a few 50 miles in width and ranging in elevation from 8,000 to 14,000 feet, lie among the Mahābhārat Range and the Great Himalayas.
The ridges of the Mahābhārat Range present a steep escarpment in the direction of the south and a particularly mild slope in the direction of the north.
To the north of the Mahābhārat Range, which encloses the valley of Kathmandu, are the greater lofty levels of the Inner Himalaya (Lesser Himalaya), growing to always snow-included peaks.
The Kathmandu and the Pokharā valleys mendacity inside this mid-mountain place are flat basins, previously included with lakes, that have been fashioned via way of means of the deposition of fluvial and fluvioglacial fabric delivered down via way of means of rivers and glaciers from the enclosing levels all through the 4 glacial and intervening heat levels of the Pleistocene Epoch (from approximately 2,600,000 to 11,700 years ago).
The Great Himalaya Range, ranging in elevation from 14,000 to greater than 29,000 feet, includes among the world’s maximum peaks—Everest, Kānchenjunga I, Lhotse I, Makālu I, Cho Oyu, Dhaulāgiri I, Manāslu I, and Annapūrna I—they all above 26,400 feet. Except for scattered settlements in excessive mountain valleys, this complete region is uninhabited.
Drainage
The Kathmandu Valley, the political and cultural hub of the nation, is tired via way of means of the Bagmati River, flowing southward, which washes the stairs of the sacred temple of Paśupatinātha (Pashupatinath) and rushes out of the valley via the deeply reduce Chhobar gorge.
Some sandy layers of the lacustrine beds act as aquifers (water-bearing strata of permeable rock, sand, or gravel), and are derived arise within the Kathmandu Valley wherein the sands outcrop.
The spring water regularly gushes out of dragon-fashioned mouths of stone made via way of means of the Nepalese; it’s far then accrued in tanks for consuming and washing and additionally for elevating paddy nurseries in May, earlier than the monsoon.
Drained via way of means of the Seti River, Pokharā Valley, ninety-six miles west of Kathmandu, is likewise a flat lacustrine basin.
There are some remnant lakes within the Pokharā basin, the most important being Phewa Lake, which is set miles lengthy and almost a mile extensive. Annapūrna massif of the Great Himalaya Range lies at the north of the basin.
The fundamental river of Nepal—the Kosi, Nārāyani (Gandak), and going for walks southward throughout the strike of the Himalayan levels—shape transverse valleys with deep gorges;
which might be typically numerous thousand toes intensive from the crest of the bordering levels. The watershed of those rivers lies now no longer alongside the road of maximum peaks withinside the Himalayas however to the north of it, commonly in Tibet.
The rivers have a giant ability for the improvement of hydroelectric power. Two irrigation-hydroelectric tasks were undertaken mutually with India at the Kosi and Nārāyani rivers.
Discussions were held to broaden the good-sized ability of the Karnāli River. A 60,000-kilowatt hydroelectric challenge at Kulekhani, funded via way of means of the World Bank, Kuwait, and Japan, started out the operation in 1982.
In the top publications of all Nepalese rivers, which run via mountain regions, there are very few flood problems. In low-mendacity regions of the Tarai simple, however, severe floods arise.
The rivers and small streams of the Tarai, in particular the ones wherein the dry season discharge is small, are polluted via way of means huge portions of home waste thrown into them.
Towns and villages have accelerated with outright provision for sewage disposal facilities, and greater industries were set up at decided-on centers withinside the Tarai.
The polluted floor water withinside the Kathmandu and Pokharā valleys, in addition to withinside the Tarai, are unacceptable for consumption.
Climate
Nepal’s weather, inspired via way of means of elevation in addition to via way of means of its place in a subtropical latitude, levels from subtropical monsoon situations withinside the Tarai, via a heat temperate weather among 4,000 and 7,000 feet withinside the mid-mountain place, to chill temperate situations withinside the better components of mountains.
Among 7,000 and 11,000 feet, to Alpine weather at altitudes among 14,000 and 16,000 feet alongside the decrease slopes of the Himalaya mountains. At altitudes above 16,000 feet, the temperature is continually beneath freezing and the floor included via way of means of snow and ice.
Rainfall is sufficient withinside the jap part of the Tarai (which gets from 70 to 75 inches [1,800 to 1,900 millimeters] a 12 months at Bīratnagar) and withinside the mountains, however, the western part of Nepal (wherein from 30 to 35 inches a 12 months fall at Mahendranagar) is drier.
Kathmandu Valley’s, common temperatures vary from 50° F (10° C) in January to 78° F (26° C) in July, and the bottom and maximum temperatures recorded were 27° and 99° F (-3° and 37° C).
The common annual rainfall is set 55 inches, the maximum of which falls withinside the length from June to September.
At Pokharā the temperature levels from forty° F (4° C) in January to about one hundred° F (38° C) in June, simply earlier than the monsoon. In winter, temperatures all through the day upward push to 70° F (21° C), growing great situations, with cool nights and heat days.
Because heat rain-bearing monsoon winds discharge maximum in their moisture as they come upon the Annapūrna variety, rainfall is pretty heavy (approximately one hundred inches) within the Pokharā Valley.
Plantlife
The herbal plants of Nepal follow the sample of weather and altitude. A tropical, wet sector of deciduous plants takes place withinside the Tarai and the Churia Range.
Khari (Acacia catechu), a spring tree with yellow plants and flat pods; (Dalbergia sissoo), an East Indian tree giving dark brown long-lasting wood; an East Indian wooden tree with foliage full of meals for insects (deposits lac, a substance used for the manufacture of varnishes and slack, at the tree’s twigs) are some of the most common trees found in this region.
On the Mahābhārat Range, at elevations between 5,000 and 10,000 feet, plants include a combination of many species, mainly pines, oaks, rhododendrons, poplars, walnuts, and larch. Between 10,000 and 12,000 toes, fir blended with birch, in addition to rhododendron, abound.
In the mid-mountain place of Nepal, a reasonably dense population has cleared all however the maximum inaccessible components of the wooded area, which might be restrained to regions of steep slopes and rocky terrain.
Similarly, all comfortably on hand components of treasured sal wooded area withinside the Tarai were devastated via way of means of overcutting and depletive practices. The good-sized forested region beneath the wooden line withinside the Great Himalaya Range bears a number of the maximum treasured forests in Nepal, containing spruce, fir, cypress, juniper, and birch.
Alpine plants occupy better components of the Great Himalaya Range. Just beneath the snow line, among 14,000 and 15,000 feet, grassy plants give a beneficial grazing floor in summer.
Animal life
The forested regions of the Tarai are the house of tigers and leopards, gaurs (wild ox), occasional elephants and buffalo, and plenty of deer; the deer consist of chital, or axis, deer (that have white-noticed bodies, sambar (a huge Asiatic deer with coarse hair at the throat and robust antlers), and swamp deer.
The Lesser Rāpti Valley, in south-important Nepal, is one of the ultimate houses of the great Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicorns).
Much poaching has long gone on because the horn of the rhinoceros is reputed to be treasured as an aphrodisiac, however, withinside the Nineteen Sixties, the Nepal authorities prepared to shield measures.
There are few wild animals withinside the important sector due to the clearing of forests. Occasional leopards, bears, and smaller carnivores inhabit the forests and ravines, and muntjacs (a sort of small deer, additionally known as the barking deer) are determined withinside the woods.
In the Alpine sector are musk deer, extensively looked for the musk pods they carry, the tahr (a Himalayan beardless wild goat), the goral (any of numerous goat antelopes, carefully associated with the Rocky Mountain goat), and wild sheep, which might be preyed upon via way of means of wolves and snow leopards.
Pheasant is common. The Yeti (bear-man, or Abominable Snowman) is stated via way of means of the Sherpa to inhabit the excessive snow mountains however has eluded discovery via way of means of numerous expeditions.
Strange tracks are regularly determined withinside the snow, however, it’s far believed that they’re possibly made via way of means of bears. River natural world consists of the mahseer, huge freshwater meals, and recreation fish.
